senior adviser to president obama for u.s. institute for peace. thank you very much. you've seen all of this history and you were there on the ground during this tumultuous period. president bush 41, as we just showed, quickly moved beyond the shadow of the early reagan years where president reagan vetoed legislation and that veto over with. the state department secretary of state schultz and others, former senate foreign relations chairman dick lugar were pushing very strongly for a different policy. >> they were. they knew the veto was a mistake. right after that secretary schultz moved to redescribe anc not as terrorist organization and open up contacts with the group in osaka. >> you were on the ground when he came out -- >> after he came out. >> moved into the negotiations which were critical. >> went up and down in 1992, had a break in the negotiations, a serious break over violence. the two presidents, the two leaders, nelson mandela and f.w. de klerk came together, one of the things they agreed, which is a lesson for other peace processes that thereafter to ac